社会科学実験研究センター・スピーカーシリーズを開催します：7月21日・尾崎 一郎 先生（北海道大学大学院法学研究科・教授）
社会科学実験研究センターは、尾崎 一郎 教授（北海道大学大学院法学研究科）をお招きし、社会科学実験研究センター（CERSS）スピーカーシリーズを開催します。
日時：2016年7月21日（木）13:00-15:00
場所： 文学部E304教室
スピーカー：尾崎 一郎 教授（北海道大学大学院法学研究科）
タイトル：法から見た社会規範について
詳細はこちらからご覧下さい。
社会科学実験研究センター・スピーカーシリーズを開催します：7月7日・田村 光平 先生（東北大学学際科学フロンティア研究所・助教）
社会科学実験研究センターは、田村 光平 助教（東北大学学際科学フロンティア研究所）をお招きし、社会科学実験研究センター（CERSS）スピーカーシリーズを開催します。
日時：2016年7月7日（木）10:00-12:00
場所： 文学部E304教室
スピーカー：田村 光平 助教（東北大学学際科学フロンティア研究所）
タイトル：考古学における文化進化
詳細はこちらからご覧下さい。
社会科学実験研究センター・スピーカーシリーズを開催します：7月7日・田村 光平 先生（東北大学学際科学フロンティア研究所・助教）
社会科学実験研究センターは、田村 光平 助教（東北大学学際科学フロンティア研究所）をお招きし、社会科学実験研究センター（CERSS）スピーカーシリーズを開催します。
日時：2016年7月7日（木）10:00-12:00
場所： 文学部E304教室
スピーカー：田村 光平 助教（東北大学学際科学フロンティア研究所）
タイトル：考古学における文化進化
詳細はこちらからご覧下さい。
結城雅樹教授が共同研究者と執筆した多国研究の論文が『Journal of Experimental Psychology: General』に公刊されました
Vignoles, V. L., Owe, E., Becker, M., Smith, P. B., Easterbrook, M. J., Brown, R., . . . Bond, M. H. (2016).
Beyond the ‘east-west’ dichotomy: Global variation in cultural models of selfhood.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,145,8,966-1000. http://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fxge0000175
Abstract
Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama’s predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of cultural models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecocultural contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record)
PDF paper download here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27359126
社会科学実験研究センター・スピーカーシリーズ：「いかに経験からの学習を促すか」を開催しました
2016年6月9日（木）、社会科学実験研究センタースピーカーシリーズを開催しました。松尾睦教授（北海道大学経済学研究科）をお招きし、「いかに経験からの学習を促すか」について発表していただきました。
詳細はこちらから御覧ください。
高橋泰城准教授らの論文が『Journal of the Physical Society of Japan』に公刊されました
Hino, M., Irie, Y., Hisakado, M., Takahashi, T ., & Mori. S. (2016). Detection of Phase Transition in Generalized Pólya Urn in Information Cascade Experiment. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 85, 3, 034002.
Abstract
We propose a method of detecting a phase transition in a generalized Pólya urn in an information cascade experiment. The method is based on the asymptotic behavior of the correlation C(t) between the first subject’s choice and the t + 1-th subject’s choice, the limit value of which, c≡limt→∞C(t), is the order parameter of the phase transition. To verify the method, we perform a voting experiment using two-choice questions. An urn X is chosen at random from two urns A and B, which contain red and blue balls in different configurations. Subjects sequentially guess whether X is A or B using information about the prior subjects’ choices and the color of a ball randomly drawn from X. The color tells the subject which is X with probability q. We set q∈{5/9,6/9,7/9,8/9} by controlling the configurations of red and blue balls in A and B. The (average) lengths of the sequence of the subjects are 63, 63, 54.0, and 60.5 for q∈{5/9,6/9,7/9,8/9}, respectively. We describe the sequential voting process by a nonlinear Pólya urn model. The model suggests the possibility of a phase transition when q changes. We show that c > 0 (= 0) for q=5/9,6/9 (7/9,8/9) and detect the phase transition using the proposed method.
PDF paper download here: http://journals.jps.jp/doi/full/10.7566/JPSJ.85.034002
高橋伸幸准教授、小野田竜一専門研究員の論文が『心理学研究』に公刊されました
小野田竜一・高橋伸幸 (2016). 2つの集団で構成される社会で一般交換を維持させる利他行動の特徴ー心理学研究, 87, 240-250.
Abstract
Previous studies on generalized exchange have argued that group plays an important role in the emergence of cooperative society. To examine to what extent the role of a group is important, we conducted computer simulations in which players decide whether to give resources to members of a society composed of two groups. We examined whether a society consisting of any of the possible conceivable strategies (65536 strategies total) could resist invasion by an unconditional defector (ALLD) and an unconditional cooperator (ALLC). The results showed that universalist strategies, which give resources to both in-group members and out-group members equally, and in-group favoring strategies, which give resources to in-group members more than outgroup members, could resist invasion. Furthermore, we found that in-group favoring strategies could exclude ALLC from the circle of resource flow more easily than universalist strategies. These results imply that it may be necessary to employ an in-group favoring strategy that utilizes the group membership information of other people in order to maintain generalized exchange in a society composed of two group
PDF paper download here: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjpsy/advpub/0/advpub_87.14080/_article/-char/ja/
カヴァナ客員研究員のエッセイがデジタルマガジン『aeon』に掲載されました
Kavanagh, C. (2016,May). Did Easter Island culture collapse? The answer is not simple. Aeon Magazine. Retrieved from https://aeon.co/ideas/the-easter-island-controversy-has-no-single-simple-answer
Click here to read the article: https://aeon.co/essays/can-religion-be-based-on-ritual-practice-without-belief
本講座の博士課程の修了者北梶陽子博士らの論文が『社会心理学研究』に刊行されました
北梶陽子・曽根美幸・佐藤浩輔・小林翼・大沼進(2016)．「囚人のジレンマゲームにおいて他者について考えることが協力率に与える影響」『社会心理学研究』第32巻, 2号, pp. 115-122. http://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.0905
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of imagining others on cooperation in a one-shot Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) game. There are two ways to imagine others’ perspectives: “imagining the other” or considering how the other person feels, and “imagining the self” or projecting oneself onto the other person. Participants were assigned to one of three conditions: a) the imagining-other condition, b) the imagining-self condition, and c) the control condition (thinking about a landscape). Participants played a one-shot PD game and completed the social value orientation (SVO) scale, which measures one’s cooperative tendency. Results showed that the cooperation rate was higher in the imagining-other condition, and participants in the imagining-other condition expected that the partner would cooperate and that the partner thinks they would cooperate. In contrast, in the imagining-self condition, no significant differences were observed about these variables. Furthermore, the cooperation rate increased mediated by two-way expectations in the imagining-others condition, while it was not observed in imagining-self conditions. These results show the importance of imagining others not as a reflection of self, in increasing expectation of mutual cooperation and promoting cooperation.
PDF paper download here: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jssp/32/2/32_0905/_pdf
高橋泰城准教授、徳田真佑（M2) さんらの論文が『PloS one 』に公刊されました
Tsurugizawa, T.,Tokuda, S., Harada, T., Takahashi, T., & Sadato, N. (2016). Pharmacological and expectancy effects of a low amount of alcohol drinking on outcome valuation and risk perception in males and females. PloS one, 11, 4, e0154083.
Abstract
The high-dose, alcohol-induced influences on risk perception and loss aversion depend on sex. On the other hand, low-dose alcohol has less effect on risky behavior. However, the effect of low-dose alcohol on subjective valuation of gain or loss and also the effect of placebo (expectancy of alcohol) on risk perception have not been fully investigated. We investigated the effects of low-dose alcohol (0.02 g/100 ml blood alcohol concentration) and placebo effects on subjective risk perception and subjective valuation of uncertain gain and loss in females and males. Participants in the control group and the placebo group were served alcohol-free, wine-flavored beverage and participants of alcohol group were served wine (14% alcohol). The placebo group was not informed that the drink was not alcohol but the control group was informed. Then paper–pencil tasks for subjective risk perception and valuation of gain or loss were performed 45 min after drinking the beverage. The participants were asked to draw the line on a 180 mm scale for each question. The placebo effects as well as the low-dose alcohol effects were observed in subjective valuations of gain or loss. Except for effect of beverages, a gender difference was also observed for subjective likelihood. The females estimated a low-probability loss as more likely and estimated a high-probability gain as less likely than did the males. From the Stevens’ law fitting analysis, the placebo, not alcohol, significantly induced the psychophysical effect of the subjective valuation of gain or loss. These results indicate that the psychological effects of expectancy of alcohol (placebo) could be a major factor in changing the subjective valuation of gain or loss over the pharmacological effects of a small amount of alcohol (like a glass of wine). Furthermore, these results also indicate that gender differences should be taken into account when investigating pharmacological or psychological effect on decision-making.
PDF paper download here: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154083