※本ワークショップは、北海道大学社会科学実験研究センターとの共催で行われました。

日時：2013年11月21日（木）

スピーカー: Mr. Michael Muthukrishna (University of British Columbia)

タイトル： Sociality Influences Cultural Complexity

概要
Archaeological and ethnohistorical evidence suggests a link between a population’s size and structure, and the diversity or sophistication of its toolkits or technologies. Addressing these patterns, several evolutionary models predict that both the size and social interconnectedness of populations can contribute to the complexity of its cultural repertoire. Some models also predict that a sudden loss of sociality or of population will result in subsequent losses of useful skills/technologies. Here, we test these predictions with two experiments that permit learners to access either one or five models (teachers). Experiment 1 demonstrates that naïve participants who could observe 5 models, integrate this information and generate increasingly effective skills (using an image editing tool) over 10 laboratory generations while those with access to only 1 model show no improvement. Experiment 2, which began with a generation of trained experts, shows how learners with access to only 1 model lose skills (in knot tying) more rapidly than those with access to 5 models. In the final generation of both experiments, all participants with access to 5 models demonstrate superior skills to those with access to only 1 model. These results support theoretical predictions linking sociality to cumulative cultural evolution.